As a gardener based in Staffordshire, I've spent over 15 years working closely with nature, and one of the creatures I've grown particularly fond of is the solitary bee. Unlike their more social cousins, these bees don't live in hives but instead nest alone, often in holes in wood or in the ground. As winter approaches, it's vital to give these important pollinators a helping hand to ensure they survive the colder months.
Quick Answer
To support solitary bees in winter, provide nesting sites, avoid garden disturbances, and plant winter-friendly flora to ensure they have shelter and food.
Why Support Solitary Bees?
Solitary bees play a crucial role in pollinating plants and crops. In the UK, they pollinate more effectively than honeybees, making them indispensable to our ecosystem. Supporting them through winter not only benefits your garden but also helps maintain biodiversity.
Creating Safe Nesting Sites
Understanding Their Needs
Solitary bees nest in a variety of places, including hollow stems and holes in the ground. In Staffordshire, our clay soil can be particularly suitable for ground-nesting species. Consider leaving areas of bare, undisturbed soil in a sunny spot.
Building Bee Hotels
Provide artificial nesting sites by constructing bee hotels. You can make these using untreated wood with drilled holes of 2-10 mm in diameter and 10-20 cm deep. Place these hotels in a sheltered spot, ideally facing south or southeast, to keep the bees warm.
- Choose untreated wood to avoid harming the bees.
- Ensure holes are smooth to prevent wing damage.
- Position the hotel at least 1 metre off the ground.
Winter Planting for Bees
While bees are less active in winter, certain plants can still provide them with necessary sustenance during mild spells. Consider planting winter-flowering plants such as Mahonia or Winter Heather.
| Plant | Flowering Period | Location |
|---|---|---|
| Mahonia | November - March | Partial shade |
| Winter Heather | December - April | Full sun |
Avoiding Garden Disturbances
During winter, many solitary bees are in a dormant state, either as larvae or adults. It's crucial to minimise disturbances in areas where they might be nesting. Avoid turning over soil or cutting back hedges and shrubs unnecessarily.
Monitoring and Maintenance
Regularly check your bee hotels for signs of wear and tear. If you notice any damaged or waterlogged areas, make repairs to ensure the bees can safely overwinter.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the best time to set up a bee hotel?
Early autumn is ideal for setting up bee hotels, giving the bees time to find them before winter.
Do solitary bees sting?
Solitary bees are generally non-aggressive and rarely sting unless provoked.
Can solitary bees use the same nesting site year after year?
Yes, if the site remains intact and undisturbed, solitary bees may return to the same nesting site annually.